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温郁金化学成分研究进展
作者:胡润淮, 邵清松    
作者单位: (浙江林学院,浙江 杭州 311300)

《时珍国医国药》 2007年 第7期

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       【摘要】 
       综述了温郁金化学成分研究,并对其今后研究开发的方向作了初步探讨。
       【关键词】  温郁金; 倍半萜类; 姜黄素类
       Research Advances on Chemical Constituents of Curcuma wenyujin
       HU Runhuai, SHAO Qingsong
       (Zhejiang Forestry University,Hangzhou,311300,China)
       AbstractObjective The paper reviewed the chemical constituents of Curcuma wenyujin Y.H.Chen et C.Ling and then investigated the direction of research and development in the future.
       Key wordsCurcuma wenyujin Y.H.Chen et C.Ling;  Sesquiterpenoids;  Curcumin derivatives
       
       温郁金Curcuma wenyujin Y.H.Chen et C.Ling为姜科姜黄属植物,主要分布于浙江南部,多为栽培,少有野生。该药味辛、苦,性寒,具有行气化瘀、清心解郁、利胆退黄之功效,主要用于治疗经闭痛经、胸腹胀痛、刺痛、热病神昏、癫病发狂和黄疸尿赤等症。现代药理及临床研究表明温郁金具有抗肿瘤、抗炎、抗氧化和抗艾滋病等多种药理活性[1,2]。现对温郁金化学成分研究进展综述如下。
       1  倍半萜类
       
       倍半萜类是中药温郁金的主要活性成分,到目前为止,己分离得到约40多个倍半萜类化合物,根据结构骨架可以分为吉马烷型(Ⅰ)、愈创木烷型(Ⅱ)、蒈烷(Ⅲ)、桉烷(Ⅳ)、没药烷(Ⅴ)、榄香烷(Ⅵ)、螺内酯(Ⅶ)、蛇麻烷(Ⅷ)、拉松烷(Ⅸ)和其它类(Ⅹ),见表1,图1[3~9]。
       表1  温郁金中已分离得到的倍半萜类化合物(略)
       图1   温郁金姜黄素类化合物结构式(略)
       2  姜黄素类
       
       姜黄素类化合物是中药温郁金中的另一类重要成分,主要指二苯基庚烃类化合物,也包含个别戊烃类化合物,根据苯环上有无羟基可分为酚性和非酚性两类,现在己经分离并鉴定20个姜黄素类化合物,其中以姜黄素(curcumin),去甲氧基姜黄素(demethoxycurcumin)和双去甲氧基姜黄素(bisdemethoxycurcumin)最为常见(表2及图2)[10~14]。
       表2  温郁金中已分离得到的姜黄素类化合物(略)
       图2  温郁金姜黄素类化合物结构式(略)
       3  其它类
       3.1  生物碱温郁金中除含有微量的四甲基吡嗪外,张安将等[15]发现温郁金中含有多种生物碱并检测到其它两种结构未定的吡嗪类生物碱。
       3.2  多糖从郁金热水提取的高分子组分中分离得A,B,C 3种多糖。多糖A由L鼠李糖、L阿拉伯糖、D-木糖、D半乳糖、D葡萄糖、D半乳糖构成;多糖B由L阿拉伯糖、D木糖、D半乳糖、D葡萄糖、D半乳糖构成;多糖C由鼠李糖、阿拉伯糖、D木糖、D半乳糖、D-葡萄糖、D半乳糖构成,6分支葡聚糖部分为其高活性部分,所占比例较大[16]。近年来温郁金的脂多糖(LPS)及其生物活性颇受关注。
       3.3  木脂素类Huang J等[17]从郁金中分离出3种新的二苯基醚木脂素,1-阿魏酰氧-2-甲氧基肉桂酸,(1-p-羟基肉桂酰)肉桂酸,1-阿魏酰氧肉桂酸。
       3.4  微量元素张浩等[18]研究发现温郁金中含有Fe,Cu,Mn,Zn,Co,Se,Ni,Sr,Ti,Al,Mg,K,Ca,Pb,Cd,Hg,As,Ba,B,P等20种微量元素,其中温郁金中Mn和Co的含量较其它品种郁金高。
       3.5  脂肪酸沈世杰等[19]研究发现温郁金中含有十七烷酸。金建忠[20]采用超临界CO2萃取法测定温郁金中含有软脂酸、亚油酸。
       4  结语
       
       在传统用药中,温郁金的地下部分是其药用部位,但近年的研究中发现温郁金的地上部分包括茎叶也含有多种活性化学成分。因此如何有效合理开发和综合利用温郁金资源是今后研究中应该关注的问题。此外,温郁金的药用价值在于其独特的理化性质,而其理化性质往往受产地、采收时间、炮制方法以及提取方法等因素的影响,这些因素是如何影响温郁金化学成分而使其理化性质发生变化的,值得进一步研究。
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