白马骨中三萜类成分研究
作者:都姣娇,武冰峰,杨娟,杨小生
作者单位:1. 贵州省中国科学院天然产物化学重点实验室,贵州 贵阳 550002;2. 贵阳中医学院,贵州 贵阳 550002
《时珍国医国药》 2008年 第2期
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【摘要】
目的研究白马骨化学成分。方法采用硅胶柱色谱、Sephadex LH-20柱色谱对化学成分进行分离纯化,波谱分析鉴定其结构。结果从白马骨中分离并鉴定出6个三萜类化合物,分别为3-乙酰基齐墩果酸①,熊果酸 ②,3-羰基熊果酸③,齐墩果酮酸④, 齐墩果酸⑤,β-谷甾醇⑥。结论化合物1~4为首次从该植物中分离得到。
【关键词】 白马骨 三萜类
Triterpenes Constitutes in Serissa serissoides
DU Jiaojiao, WU Bingfeng,YANG Juan, YANG Xiaosheng
1. The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550002, China;
2. Guiyang Traditional Chinese Medical Academy, Guiyang 550002,China
Abstract:ObjectiveTo study the chemical constituents of Serissa serissoides.MethodsThe constituents were isolated and purified by silica gel and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography. Their structures were elucidated by means of spectral analysis. Results Six triterpenes compounds were obtained and identified as 3-acetoxy-oleanolic acid (1), ursolic acid (2), 3-one-ursolic acid (3), oleanonic acid (4), oleanolic acid (5), β-sitosterol (6).Conclusion Compounds 1~ 4 were isolated from S. Serissoides for the first time.
Key words:Serissa serissoides; Triterpenes
白马骨系茜草科植物白马骨Serissa serissoides(DC.) Druce 的干燥全草。全国各地均产,资源丰富,为常用民间草药。具有活血、凉血、疏肝利湿、消肿止痛的功效。主要用于急慢性肝炎、黄疸、流行性腮腺炎、肾性水肿、血尿及高血压病等[1]。目前文献仅报道从该植物中分得2种三萜类化合物[2]。作者对其化学成分进行了研究,分离并鉴定了6个三萜类化合物,分别为3-乙酰基齐墩果酸①,熊果酸②,3-羰基熊果酸③,齐墩果酮酸④,齐墩果酸⑤,β-谷甾醇⑥。化合物1~4为首次从该植物中分离得到。
1 仪器与材料
Varian INOVA-400型核磁共振仪(TMS为内标);美国HP公司GC-MS5973型气相色谱-质谱联用仪;Sephadex LH-20为pharmacia产品;薄层色谱用硅胶、柱色谱用硅胶均为青岛海洋化工集团生产。
药材购自贵阳药材市场,经贵州省贵阳中医学院陈德媛教授鉴定为白马骨Serissa serissoides (DC.) Druce。
2 提取与分离
白马骨全草20 kg粉碎后用70%的乙醇回流提取3次(3,2,2 h),合并提取液,浓缩至无醇味,得浸膏857.9 g。总浸膏混悬于适量水中,依次用石油醚、醋酸乙酯、正丁醇萃取,分别得萃取物11,170,350 g。醋酸乙酯萃取物 (170g) 经硅胶柱色谱,以石油醚-醋酸乙酯(20∶1~5∶1)梯度洗脱,得到10个部分。Fr. 2经硅胶柱色谱,用石油醚-醋酸乙酯洗脱,通过重结晶得到化合物1 ( 20 mg )。Fr. 3经反复硅胶柱色谱,Sephadex LH-20纯化,得化合物 2 ( 20 mg ),5 (20 000 mg)。Fr.4经反复硅胶柱色谱,用石油醚-醋酸乙酯10∶1洗脱,得化合物6(510 mg)。Fr. 5经硅胶柱色谱,用石油醚-丙酮 (5∶1) 洗脱,再用Sephadex LH-20纯化得化合物3 (15 mg ),4 ( 20 mg )。
3 结构鉴定
化合物 1: 白色结晶。EI-MS m/z:498 [M] +,248 (100),203,189,129,69,43。1HNMR (400MHz, CDCl3)δ:5.27 (1H,s,H-12),4.50 (1H,t,J = 8.4 Hz,H-3),2.82 (1H,d,J =10.4 Hz,H-18),2.05 (3H,s,CH3CO),1.13 (3H,s,H-27),0.94 (3H,s,H-25),0.93 (3H,s,H-30),0.90 (3H,s,H-29),0.86 (3H,s,H-24),0.85 (3H,s,H-23),0.75 (3H,s,H-26)。13CNMR (100 MHz,CDCl3)δ:15.4 (C-25),16.6 (C-23),17.1 (C-26),18.2 (C-6),21.3 (C-31),22.9 (C-16),23.4 (C-30),23.5 (C-2),25.9 (C-27),27.7 (C-24),28.0 (C-15),30.6 (C-20),32.4 (C-11),33.0 (C-7),33.8 (C-29),37.0 (C-22),37.7 (C-21),38.1 (C-10),39.3 (C-4),39.3 (C-8),40.9 (C-1),41.6 (C-18),45.8 (C-19),46.6 (C-17),47.6 (C-9),55.3 (C-5),80.9 (C-3),122.5 (C-12),143.6 (C-13),171.0 (C-32),184.3 (C-28)。
以上数据与文献[3]基本一致,确定此化合物为3-乙酰基齐墩果酸(3-acetoxy-oleanolic acid)。
化合物 2:白色粉末。ESI-MS m/z 479 [M+Na]+,457 [M+H]+。1HNMR 和13C-NMR 数据与文献[3]报道基本一致,故确定化合物2为熊果酸 (ursolic acid)。
化合物 3: 白色晶体。EI-MS m/z:454 [M]+,248 (100),203。1H-NMR (400Hz,CDCl3)δ:5.28 (1H, 12-H),2.58 (1H, 18-H),0.82,0.86,0.98,1.03,1.05,1.09,1.09 CH3×7)。13CNMR (100Hz,CDCl3)δ:15.2 (C-25),17.0 (C-26),17.0 (C-29),19.5 (C-6),21.1 (C-30),21.4 (C-24),23.4 (C-11),23.4 (C-27),24.0 (C-16),26.5 (C-23),27.9 (C-15),30.6 (C-21),32.4 (C-7),34.1 (C-2),36.7 (C-22),36.8 (C-10),38.8 (C-19),39.0 (C-20),39.1 (C-8),39.4 (C-1),42.0 (C-14),46.7 (C-9),47.4 (C-4),48.0 (C-17),52.5 (C-18),55.2 (C-5),125.5 (C-12),138.0 (C-13),180.9 (C-28),217.8 (C-3),结合文献[3,4]波谱数据,鉴定为3-羰基熊果酸(3-one-ursolic acid)。
化合物 4: 白色晶体。EI-MS m/z:454 [M]+,248 (100),203,133,119,105。1H-NMR (400Hz,CDCl3) δ:5.28 (1H, 12-H),2.83 (1H, dd, J =13.6, 4Hz, 18-H),0.81,0.90,0.94,1.03,1.05,1.09,1.14 (CH3×7)。13C-NMR (100 MHz,CDCl3) δ:15.0 (C-25),17.0 (C-26),19.5 (C-6),21.4 (C-24),22.8 (C-11),23.4 (C-30),23.5 (C-16),25.8 (C-27),26.4 (C-23),27.6 (C-15),30.5 (C-20),32.1 (C-7),32.1 (C-22),33.0 (C-29),33.8 (C-21),34.1 (C-2),36.8 (C-10),39.1 (C-8),39.2 (C-1),40.9 (C-18),41.7 (C-14),45.8 (C-19),46.6 (C-17),46.8 (C-9),47.4 (C-4),55.2 (C-5),122.3 (C-12),143.6 (C-13),181.1(C-28),217.8 (C-3)。
以上数据与文献[5]基本一致,确定此化合物为齐墩果酮酸 (oleanonic acid)。
化合物 5: 白色粉末。 EI-MS m/z:456 [M]+,1H-NMR 和13C-NMR数据与文献[6]基本符合,因此确定化合物5为齐墩果酸(oleanolic acid)。
化合物 6: 白色针晶,溶于氯仿。与β-谷甾醇标准品对照,薄层色谱Rf值一致。鉴定为β-谷甾醇(β-sitosterol)。
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